Shaolin Soccer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1208 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Soccer Essay Did you like this example? Anna Corbitt Film Appreciation Film Final November 23, 2018 A Review of Shaolin Soccer Since the beginning of the film industry, it seems that Hollywood films have dominated the movie world. Whether its due to lack of advertisement or reluctance, many Americans (myself included) have watched very few foreign films in their lifetimes. However, there is a plethora of films made outside of the United States that deserve recognition. Foreign films can give audiences an insight into the culture of the country the film originates from. Even films that are not quite as serious contain a certain charm and uniqueness that isnt found in Hollywood. Shaolin Soccer is one of those films. The plot of Shaolin Soccer takes the audience on a journey of actioned packed laughter. The story begins by introducing Golden Foot, a permanently crippled former soccer star, who dreams of redemption by coaching his own soccer team and taking down his nemesis Team Evil. Golden Foot meets the films financially struggling protagonist; Sing. Sing is trying to reunite his brothers and revitalize the art of Shaolin Kung Fu. The pair eventually decide to team up to accomplish their goals and ultimately create the heart of this chaotic comedy. Sing and his reluctant brothers form a soccer team with Golden Foot as the coach. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Shaolin Soccer" essay for you Create order Their plan is to use their special martial art abilities to win the million-dollar soccer championship and promote Kung Fu globally. After several intense sports montages and some adversity due to Team Evils drug enhanced athletes and injuries, the band of Kung Fu misfits finally conquer evil. Shaolin Soccer takes the classic underdog sports story and twists it into something comedic and jam packed with action. The only thing relating this film to actual soccer is that there is ball and a goal. However, the crazy high flying Kung Fu style version of the game is what makes this movie so silly, unique, and endearing. The heart of this film makes it impossible not to smile throughout even with the predictable plot developments and occasional dumb joke. Cinematography plays a significant role in this film. Specifically, different camera angles and movements are used to break from and intensify the action sequences. During one of the action scenes near the end of the film, one of the Shaolin soccer players gets injured. The camera quickly zooms into the concerned faces of his teammates making the scene much more intense. The film uses lighting the same way. Most of the scenes in the film are shot with very bright lighting. However, the movie occasionally uses dim lighting during flashbacks or particularly intense moments. The movie starts off with a flashback showing how Golden Foot became crippled. It is shot in black and white with darker lighting because it is meant to represent the darkest moment of Golden Foots life. This scene set in the past contrasts greatly from the movie taking place in the present. These are just some of the examples of how cinematography is present. The film uses cinematography to frequently shift from a lighthearted comedic triumph to an overdramatized yet equally hilarious trial. Another factor that plays a key role in the success of this film is the acting. The dialogue of this film almost entirely consists of humor. However, the actors never make the storyline line seem like a joke. The comedy filled lines are delivered seriously and with emotion. The actors perform well enough that the audience can easily get behind the outlandish characters and their goals. The ridiculous dialogue never gets boring or annoying because of its delivery. The chemistry between the characters is natural and does not seemed forced. The actors do a fantastic job of portraying the memorable afflictions and demeanors of their characters. The Kung Fu brothers strengths and weaknesses make the story more interesting, and the actors stay true to what makes each brother distinctive. It is easy to believe that Golden Foot and the Kung Fu brothers care about their goals and that they care about each other. The small amount of romance never seems forced or frustrating. The actors interactions with each other make it believable. Overall the actors in this film do an amazing job of making the Kung Fu fantasy seem realistic and relatable. Auteur theory is the theory in filmmaking that the director is the major creative force behind a movie. The directing of this film is the perfect example of auteur theory. Stephen Chow is the films director, but he also co-wrote the script and starred in the lead role. Chow, as director, oversees the audio and visual elements of the film, but as co-screenwriter he also wrote the story. Starring as the protagonist, Sing, he can easily make sure the emotions he wrote in the script are portrayed accurately. He is certainly the undisputed creative force behind Shaolin Soccer. His directing style perfectly showcases the crazy Kung Fu scenes and the comical, yet heart felt, moments that make this film so wonderful. With a delightful cast and near perfect set placement, it is difficult to criticize Chows direction of this film. Stephen Chow is a very talented actor, writer, and director. Without his creative influences the success of this film would not have been possible. Chow is a cinematic genius and his direction of Shaolin Soccer showcases this. He plays a huge role in the production of this motion picture and is definitely a major creative force. The final elements that I find to be a critical part of this film are the editing styles and visual effects. Even though this is a high-flying comedy, the pacing of the film never feels rushed. The film is fast paced throughout, but manages to slow down at the correct time for dialogue. The cuts between scenes always seem to happen at appropriate intervals and allow for a smooth change in settings. The screen fades in during the action sequences making the scenes seem more intense. The camera zoom allows the audience to get a close view of the actors facial expressions and emotions. The scenes then fade out after the soccer games which creates a smooth transition between the Kung Fu and the character dialogues. Though the visual effects in the film can seem cheap and cartoonish, they only add to the films wild comedic value. The soccer kicks with enough velocity to create a tornado, crazy flaming backgrounds, and high flying athletes are what helps distinguish this film from other underdog sports stories. The post production of this film is crucial. Without the computer generated imagery and editing, Shaolin Soccer is dull and pointless. Overall I found Shaolin Soccer to be a wonderfully goofy comedy. Although the audience is unable to relate to being a martial artist with super power like abilities, one can relate to the story of being an underdog with the hope of overcoming adversity and achieving the seemingly impossible. I would recommend this movie to anyone looking for a ridiculously good laugh. Shaolin Soccer is a noteworthy movie that takes the audience on an amazing roller coaster ride. The film contains an attention-grabbing plot, dynamic cinematography, outstanding acting, remarkable directing, and brilliant post production. The movie promises to make the audience laugh, and it delivers exceptionally.

Materialism - the Great Gatsby - 1732 Words

Materialism America has been labeled The land of opportunity, a place where it is possible to accomplish anything and everything. This state of mind is known as The American Dream. The American Dream provides a sense of hope and faith that looks forward to the fulfillment of human wishes and desires. This dream, however, originates from a desire for spiritual and material improvement. Unfortunately, the acquisition of material has been tied together with happiness in America. Although The American Dream can be thought of as a positive motivation, it often causes people to strive for material perfection, rather than a spiritual one. This has been a truth since the beginnings of America, such as the setting of F. Scott†¦show more content†¦But the more important question that faces us through our sense of the immediate tragedy is where (these deficiencies) have brought America. This state of perfection that people so desperately want to achieve is the very reason why Ame rican society is dysfunctional. People are blinded by this hopeful result of their lives, they allow the present to escape their grasp. Fitzgerald introduces a place by the name of The Valley of Ashes. It is a depressing locality far away from the glamour and wealth of the East and West Eggs. This dumping ground is half way between West Egg and New York. The Valley of Ashes is a symbol of the empty existence of a low society. Fitzgerald uses this slum as an example of the failure of the American Dream. He criticizes the corruption of the American dream. What was once for Thomas Jefferson-a belief in self-reliance and hard work, has become what Nick Carraway calls The service of a cast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty (180). This energy might have gone into the pursuit of morale and self worth, rather than materialism and shallow fortunes. Things like love and relating to another human being is completely overlooked in the pursuit of power and a very showy, but fundamentally empty form of success. All the characters in this novel are caught up in materialism except for one, Nick Carraway, the narrator and the observer. Nick sees all the evil that goes on, and itShow MoreRelated Materialism in The Great Gatsby Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesMaterialism may be defined as attention to or emphasis on material objects, needs or considerations, with a disinterest in or rejection of spiritual values. The acquisition of material wealth is often equated with happiness in this country. This is true today, and it was true during the 1920s, the setting of F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby. That the majority of Americans believe that wealth and happiness are the same is a result of our market economy that encourages consumption and conditionsRead MoreEssay on Materialism in the Great Gatsby905 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as money in The Great Gatsby. Daisy falls in love with Gatsby, who is a poor man at the time, and when Gatsby leaves for the war, Daisy marries Tom Buchanan, who is a rich man, because he is â€Å"old money,† meaning he will always have the money and status to support Daisy. When Gatsby returns from the war, his pursuit of Daisy’s love reveals his materialism and he eventually becomes rich for Daisy and believes that he can win her back because he now has money. The Great Gatsby demonstrates the wayRead More Materialism - The Great Gatsby Essay1687 Wor ds   |  7 Pages Materialism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;America has been labeled quot;The land of opportunity,quot; a place where it is possible to accomplish anything and everything. This state of mind is known as quot;The American Dream.quot; The American Dream provides a sense of hope and faith that looks forward to the fulfillment of human wishes and desires. This dream, however, originates from a desire for spiritual and material improvement. Unfortunately, the acquisitionRead MoreMaterialism In The Great Gatsby Analysis824 Words   |  4 PagesMaterialism The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, illustrates the different lifestyles in regards to the upper and lower classes. The upper class is represented by â€Å"Old Money†, the people who inherited their wealth. Another part of the upper class is represented by â€Å"New Money†, the people who obtained wealth over time. Old money is more fancy and elegant, whereas new money is more showy and extravagant. Because of this, old money is considered superior to new money. The lower class isRead MoreThe Madness Of Materialism In The Great Gatsby996 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle â€Å"The Madness of Materialism† by Steve Taylor discusses psychological discord and talks about people always wanting certain objects, that they might not be a necessity (Taylor). This article is similar to the novel, The Great Gatsby by F Scott Fitzgerald because both discuss the idea of wants versus needs. Gatsby is the main character, however Nick Carraway is the narrator througho ut the entire story. They have been neighbors ever since Nick moved to West Egg. Nick and Gatsby become close friendsRead MoreMaterialism in The Great Gatsby Essay515 Words   |  3 Pagessay that you are happy. Daisy Buchanans case in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald proves this to its entirety. When having to decide between an empty marriage with her husband Tom and Jay Gatsby, her love interest, she chooses Tom even though he doesnt make her truly happy. It is then evident all throughout the novel that materialistic properties of wealth and status triumphs over love. In 1917, Daisy became acquainted with Jay Gatsby from Louisiana. Though they seemed very close with eachRead MoreEssay On Greed And Materialism In The Great Gatsby1014 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowth in an economic forum. This caused many Americans to move into the uncharted territory of the city, and make the transition into a prosperous and foreign â€Å"consumer society† (History.com). In addition, the traits of greed and materialism are ubiquitous in The Great Gatsby, as well as in the flashy 1920’s. These two characteristics give one confidence, but as demonstrated in the novel, it brings nothing but short-term satisfaction. After that, feelings of desperation to childish behaviors can accompanyRead MoreGreed And Materialism In The Great Gatsby Analysis1311 Words   |  6 Pagesprosperous and previously foreign â€Å"consumer society† (History.com). The traits of greed and materialism are ubiquitous in The Great Gatsby, as well as in the Art Deco era of the 19 20’s. These two characteristics can give one confidence, but as demonstrated in the novel, they bring nothing but short-term satisfaction. After which, feelings can run the gamut from desperation to childish behaviors. While greed and materialism have the power to seem favorable, bringing an amplification of social status, theyRead MoreEssay On Money And Materialism In The Great Gatsby1994 Words   |  8 Pages Money and materialism play a large role in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s book, The Great Gatsby, which takes place on Long Island in the summer of 1922. The book follows a man by the name of Jay Gatsby who centers his life around one goal, winning back the girl of his dreams, Daisy Buchanan, who he lost five years earlier. His quest leads him from rags-to-riches into the arms of the one he loves, and ultimately, to death. This book is written from a Marxist point of view based on the fact that the bookRead MoreEssay on Love vs. Materialism in the Great Gatsby1131 Wo rds   |  5 PagesVs. Materialism The Great Gatsby does not offer a definition of love, or a contrast between love and romance. Rather it suggests that what people believe to be love is normally only a dream. America in the 1920s was a country where moral values were slowly crumbling and Americans soon only had one dream and objective to achieve, success. Distorted love is one theme in the novel The Great Gatsby, present among all of the characters relationships; Daisy and Tom, Tom and Myrtle, Daisy and Gatsby, and

German Cuisine and Oktoberfest free essay sample

Festival of Fun Before winter wraps a white blanket on the lands, a final celebration is in session for October all over the world. This is the time to eat, drink, and be merry: Oktoberfest. The tradition began in 1810 to celebrate the marriage of Bavarian Crown Prince Ludwig to the Saxon-Hildburghausen Princess Therese. The location was named Theresienwiese, meaning Theresa’s fields; locals usually refer to them as just â€Å"Wies’n. Festivities occurred on these fields in front of the city gates and continued for sixteen days. The original event at Oktoberfest was a horse race (Saunders, 2007). Each year afterwards, different additions were made such as adding an agricultural show (The History of Oktoberfest, 2007). Throughout the years, the activities accumulated to carousels, swings, tree-climbing competitions, wheelbarrow and sack races, mush eating contests, barrel rolling races and goose chases. In 1908, Oktoberfest even included a roller coaster. At first, beer kiosks were places all around the festival area. In 1896, the small beer kiosks were replaced by large beer halls, which were sponsored by the local breweries (Vistawide, 2008). Oktoberfest is the world’s largest beer festival celebrated annually in Munich, Germany, and includes traditional activities, beer, food, dance, music, and dress. The time of Oktoberfest is important to the whole city of Munich. The Mayor begins the festivities on the first day at noontime. The fun begins officially after he taps into a wooden barrel of beer and proclaims, â€Å"O’zapft is,† meaning, â€Å"It’s tapped! A massive parade takes place on the first Sunday of the festival. The procession includes 7000 performers including groups dressed in traditional Bavarian clothing, historical uniforms, marching bands, riflemen, horses and livestock, carriages and parade floats. On Oktoberfest’s second Sunday, four-hundred musicians comprising the Oktoberfest bands perform concerts (Vistawide, 2008). Many traditional beers are enjoyed at Oktoberfest. A particular type is called Marzen and contains up to 6% alcohol. It is bottom-fermented and lagered for at least 30 days. Other beer is also available – â€Å"Agustiner, Hacker-Pschorr, Hofbrau Lowenbrau, Paulaner and Spaten are the traditional German brewers of Oktoberfest, since all brew or bottle beer within the city limits of Munich† (Saunders, 2007). Each beer costs about 7. 50 euros and traditionally is served by a one-liter mug called a Ma?. Servers at Oktoberfest must be able to carry 10 of these mugs at a time (Vistawide, 2008)! Oktoberfest is also a style of beer served at the events. It can be described as an â€Å"amber-gold lager, robust at 5. to 6 percent alcohol by volume, bottom-fermented and lagered for at least a month, with pronounced malt flavors from Vienna malts, usually accented by the German noble hobs such as Hallertau and Tettnang† (Saunders, 2007). Traditional German foods are eaten in massive proportions at any Oktoberfest. These foods include Hendl, which are whole chickens that are grilled whole then split and served in halves. Duck, goose, roasted meats such as pork are served as well. Some more unusual foods served are potato dumplings, red cabbage, roasted ox tails and grilled pork knuckles. Veal sausages known as Wei? urste are served, usually with mustard, sauerkraut, and a pretzel or bread roll. A seafood item can also be found called Steckerlfisch, a grilled fish on a stick. Desserts are also favored among the people (Vistawide, 2008). Oktoberfest is not only celebrated in Munich, Germany, but also in different communities all over the world. A proper example would be Tulsa, Oklahoma’s Oktoberfest. This event was even named one of the best German food festivals in the U. S. by Bon Appetit magazine. After enjoying authentic German food and beer, participants may perform a chicken dance on top of a picnic table. In Tulsa, carnival rides, arts and crafts, clowns and root ‘bier’ for children is available. For people who are older or disabled, a shuttle service is provided for convenience. The Tulsan Oktoberfest claims to be the official birthplace of the chicken dance. In 1981, a German group called Heilbronn Band came to Tulsa and played a song called â€Å"Der Ententaz,† meaning â€Å"duck dance. † They could not find a duck costume to accompany the song, but managed to find a chicken suit, and this spawned the chicken dance tradition. Along with being a fun filled getaway, the Tulsa Oktoberfest has raised over $785,000 in donations for Tulsa’s River Parks. Annually, more than 60,000 people attend the festival (Aspinwal, 2007). An Oktoberfest celebration in Cheyenne, WY has included Americanized carnival food to the variety by serving nachos, hamburgers, hot dogs and Sno Cones. They also performed activities with a Western influence such as a Gunslingers show. Another domestic influence is in the addition of American beers to the selection such as Coors, Coors Light, Budweiser, Bud Light and Samuel Adams. Temporary tattoos may be found at different kiosks. Local arts vendors also participate in the Cheyenne Oktoberfest by selling their wares. As part of the fun, a stein holding competition occurs as well (Cotton, 2006). In Mifflinburg, PA, part of the Oktoberfest entertainment includes traditional dancing and performances from The Black Run Bohemian Dancers. Festivities also include a keg toss, mug lifting contest, hayrides, puppet shows, and hot-air balloon rides (Smith, 2007). In Saxapahaw, NC a strong southern influence is evident in the music. Bluegrass, blues, swing, folk, and old-time music is performed using various instruments including banjoes, mandolins, fiddles, dobro, lap steel, harmonica, and even spoons. Farmers often bring their harvest including organically grown vegetables, farm-raised meats, cheeses, and baked goods (Chapel Hill News, 2007). Most frequently, traditional German music is played at any Oktoberfest. Folk music, polkas and oompah music can be heard continuously. The term â€Å"oom-pah† refers to the downbeats played by bass or tuba and their accompaniments which create a rhythmic melody. European band music is often played and the performers model their group after the 19th and 20th century Prussian and Austrian military bands. These bands are often very big due to multitude of instruments used. Two flugelhorns provide melody and harmony, tenorhorn provides countermelody, a euphonium doubles countermelody and provides afterbeat and bass lines. Trombone, tuba and French horn emit afterbeats (Cole, 2008). In order to dress properly for Oktoberfest, one must include key components in their wardrobe. There are very many pieces of traditional German clothing that include a dirndl, lederhosen, tracht, and gamsbart. A dirndl is a dress worn by women traditionally from the Southern area of Germany. Throughout history, each village would have their own version of he ornate dirndl dress. Originally though, it was worn by Austrian servants. This dress includes the body which is a skirt worn with a blouse and apron. Typically, a knot on the apron of the dirndl signifies that the woman is married. Lederhosen mean â€Å"leather trousers† in German. Historically, these knee breeches were worn by men of the Alpine regions of Germany. Typical featured of these trousers include suspenders and front flaps. The Bavarian lederhosen were worn in the mountains of South Germany and were usually worn by horseback riders or hunters. A tracht is a similar less ornate version of a dirndl, usually made from linen. The gamsbart is a tuft of hair (which could also be replaced with a feather) that is attached to the top of the traditional trachten hat. The gamsbart tufts out like a brush from the hat. Originally it was placed only on hats, but today it is used to decorate other clothing as well. Throughout German history, people from the lower strata of society wore clothes with bleak colors such as shades of gray, brown, and black. On holidays, shades of blue were worn. At the advent of the industrial revolution, factory made outfits introduced a variety of colors, and this is clear in the style of dirndls that exist today (Lad, 2008). Beginning in 1810 in Munich, Germany, the tradition of Oktoberfest has now spread through many regions, reaching a global level. The celebration can be enjoyed by anyone in the world, but the German spirit will still exist because the traditions and cultural beliefs keep it alive. At Oktoberfest, one must be ready to indulge in mouthwatering food and wash it down with strong specialty beer. Those that are most enthusiastic wear complete traditional outfits for the celebration. This is chance for people to leave all the worries of their life behind and just have fun.

Proposed Tourism Labour Shortage Policy In Australia - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Proposed Tourism Labour Shortage Policy In Australia. Answer: Introduction The tourism industry is one of the largest exports sectors in Australia and contributes around $ 40 billion to the general economy of the country. The sector is said to largely benefit from the continued economic growth in the international source markets as well as the falling Australia dollar value. Our agency, the Tourism Australia is an Australian government agency that is responsible for promoting the country to the global tourism world as a tourism destination for business and leisure (Wakelin-Theron 2015, p. 248). The major objective of the agency is to increase the economic benefit realized from the tourism industry and also support the industry growth strategy 2020 which aims at growing the industry overnight expenditure to $ 140 billion. The agency is active in 16 Australian tourist markets and aims to grow demand for tourism experiences by promoting a unique experience and attributes in the industry which will entice people to visit. With the assumption of continued economic growth, political stability and favorable climate the industry is projected to grow at an estimated growth rate of 6 percent annually (Moid Alam 2016, p. 37). Such growth will, therefore, contribute to increased demand for skilled labor force in the industry. However, the industry is reported to have a shortage in its labor market with a current need of over 36000 employees in the care and restaurants departments. Lack of skilled and experienced labor force has affected the quality of service provision in the industry. This study, therefore, seeks to develop a proposal by the committee formed by the Tourism Australia agency, for the development of a policy which will help in addressing the labor and skills issues affecting the industry and how its implementation will help the industry realize its development strategy for the period 2015 to 2020. Background context of the labor shortage issues in the industry According to the Australian Tourism Labour Force Report of 2015, the Australian hospitality and tourism industry is reported to experience labor or skill shortage. In their report it is said that it has become harder than before to find and recruit the required quality and skilled employees who can be relied upon by the industry to meet the skill standards of various positions, fit in the kitchen team as well as adapt to the culture of the venue and stay for a longer term (Argent et al. 2014, p. 311). Such concerns have led to many arguments based on the reasons why the industry is not attracting the relevant skilled labor force or even retaining the existing ones for a longer period. The report provides that an additional 123 000 workers will be needed by the year 2020 in the tourism and hospitality sector. Such a shortage in the industry is also believed to affect or have a great impact on the productivity and growth of the industry if appropriate measures are not put into place. Also according to the report released by Deloitte Access Economics, there was a labour gap identified of 38 000 workers currently in the industry in 2015 a number that is estimated to increase to 123000 worker shortage as reported by the Australian Tourism Labour Force Report by the year 2020 (Wortman et al. 2015, p. 142). Of this estimated amount, 56 600 which translates to 48 percent of the total is estimated to be the likely demand for skilled workers and also reports an increased strong demand for chefs, caf, and restaurant managers. Therefore, labor shortage is said to be the greatest challenge facing the industry whereby the shortage of skills is said to slow down the productivity and also dampens the growth aspects of the industry. The need for more skilled labor force in the industry is due to the fact that due to the increased demand, the industry is expected to deliver exceptional visitor experiences and customer services in order to meet the expectations of the discerning international visitors. The industry has a projected target of doubling its overnight expenditure to $ 140 billion by 2020 and fears surrounding the industry claim that lack of skilled labor may affect the industry and prevent it from realizing such goals or targets (Stoeckl et al. 2014, p. 792). A report by the Deloitte Access economics provided that the reported inability to find workers with the right skills was seen to be the main reason why the industry faced difficulties in recruiting staff. The Australia Department of Employment in 2015 projected an increase in employment growth in the caf, restaurant, and takeaway food services sector. Therefore the increased demand has been the most contributing factor to a labor shortage in the i ndustry. Labour shortage in the industry has also been having also resulted from lack of trained workers in the industry or the number of existing qualified and skilled workers cannot meet the increasing demand in the industry. Lack of workforce development initiatives in the industry has led to increased labor shortage gap. Such workforce development initiative focus on all aspects of a business workforce and ensure or promote the recruitment of staff with the right skills, experience and attitudes, provides career progression opportunities, advocates for good remuneration packages for employees as well as training and development to shape the existing skills (Dobbs Madgavkar 2014, p. 203). The industry is differentiated from its competitors globally on the basis of the quality of services provided to the tourists and therefore the increased need for the skilled labor force. The Australian government was also reluctant on outsourcing employees from other nations on immigration of labor force through immigration ban policies. There is a call therefore for the government to regulate its policies by allowing more visas by considering overseas staff to cater for the existing labor force gap in the market (Garca Hormiga 2017, p. 216). The report by Deloitte Access economics as examined form the insights above highlights the need to reform the labor market through the relevant improvements to the vocational education system. They present the argument that the idea of a labour shortage in the industry is not a new thing but there is a great need to develop a paradigm shift in thinking about skilled migration or the idea of considering overseas staff and training of the Australian local labor force. The labor shortages have been evident since the industry is usually seen by some people as a source for temporary employment and therefore many individuals have not committed themselves to the long-term agenda of the industry. The employees are supposed to view the opportunities as long-term career option just as careers offered in other industries (Wefersov et al. 2016, p. 55). This has been the main reason why the companies in the industry could not retain employees for longer periods. Lack of combining the use of both highly skilled and semi-skilled labour force in the industry has also intensified the labour force gaps in the industry as the industry has continued to advocate for attraction of highly qualified, experienced and skilled labour without taking into consideration the development plans which aim or focus on training the semi-skilled individuals into great skilled employees. There has also been an increased lack of recognition of transferable skills within the industry in relation to other industries which leads to slow growth and low productivity as businesses learn from each other by comparing the different strategies employed in achieving certain goals and evaluating how the skills used in other industries can help improve the performance of the tourism industry (Sulaiman 2016, p. 67). Lastly, the industry has faced a labor shortage due to its inability to invest in professional development and especially by the small businesses and in accredited training which aims at providing the employees with the right skills and keeping them at par with the current industry changes. Statement of need for the Tourism plan or policy The development of a tourism plan will be very important to the businesses in the tourism industry, the government of Australia and to other stakeholders in the business. This is because the plan will provide possible solutions and also provide a framework for addressing the greatest challenge faced in the industry of labor shortage (Healy et al. 2017, p. 2477). Before understanding why the plan or policy will be important for the various stakeholders in the industry it is important to examine the general objectives or goals of developing the plan. The objectives are guided by the fact that for improvement in terms of productivity to be achieved the greatest need of the industry is to offer quality services which will attract or entice their potential customers to pay more visits and hence the need to reform the current labour strategies and practices as well as individual thinking of the tourism industry. One of the objectives of the plan helps the businesses, the government as well as the other stakeholders in the industry to increase the supply of labor to the industry with the aim of delivering high-quality service standards which meets the demands and expectations of the visitors. The plan also aims to support the development and provision of sustainable employment conditions in the industry which will continue to attract and retain skilled workers or employees in the industry (Wanna 2015, p. 621). It also aims to ensure that education and training systems offered in the country in relation to the hospitality industry deliver the skills and knowledge required to accommodate the growing needs of individuals or personal development as well as the businesses in the tourism industry. Lastly, the plan or policy aims to support the employees and employers in the industry to address the current as well as the future workforce needs and create stability in the labour market. The plan or policy will, therefore, play an important role in the growth and development of the economy of Australia. The government receives a lot of revenue totaling to $ 40 billion from the industry and therefore the industry acts as an important source of revenue in the industry. The government is projecting an increase in revenue collection from the industry to an average of $ 140 billion by the year 2020 (Clemens et al. 2015, p. 1510). To actualize these development or growth targets by the government there is a great need therefore to develop effective policies which favor or enhance the development of skilled labor in the tourism industry. The policy will provide effective strategies which the government should undertake in order to improve the labor productivity in the industry. Government intervention is therefore required in the industry in improving the immigration policies which will favor the recruitment of overseas staff to cater for the increasing demand. This is beca use the plan advocates for the government to consider overseas staff since the current labor dynamics in Australia cannot meet the demands due to the existing labor force gap (Kahn 2015, p. 248). The government is also required to intervene in the development of curriculum in hospitality fields which equips the learners with the right skill development and one that can adapt to changes in the industry based on the tastes and preferences of their visitors. The tourism policy will help the business engaged in the tourism industry achieve its goals by becoming more profitable, attracting more customers and visitors due to provision of quality services, help them attract skilled workforce by advocating for training and development of the employees, help them solve the problem of retaining employees for long-term purposes in the industry to prevent shortages and future crisis in the industry and to help them develop effective working conditions for their employees which will improve their productivity in the businesses (Buxton 2017, p. 204). Most of the tourism businesses including the travel agents, the hotel and restaurant businesses, the accommodation and entertainment business have failed in managing their employees due to poor working conditions and lack of skilled employees. The plan or policy advocates for improved working conditions which will help the employees achieve their personal development as well as the organizational or bu siness development (Jumadi et al. 2017, p. 51). An effective policy or plan will, therefore, help the business grow in terms of achieving its targets and helping the employees attain their personal development. There are also other stakeholders in the tourism industry that may including the investors in various businesses and the community at large which supports the growth of the industry through culture and other development initiatives. The growth of the industry plays an important role in the overall development of the community welfare (Edgell 2015, p. 27). It helps in enhancing the culture of the land and improves the living standards of the community by offering employment to the local community members. Investors will be interested to invest in the industry in which they can see a potential for future growth, therefore a policy addressing labor shortage problem in the industry will act as an advantage to the investors as it will grow their confidence with the industry. Possible policy approaches to the proposed plan In order to implement the objectives of the plan or policy, the plan incorporates the actions of the government, the industry as well the business to take various actions which will ensure they achieve their set goals and objectives as well. The plan advocates therefore for the parties and stakeholders involved in the industry to support sustainable workforce structure. This goes to the businesses which need to develop the effective structure of employee development through remuneration packages, training and motivation (Izenbayev et al. 2016, p. 380). The individuals or employees are also recommended to consider making tourism a career choice as this will minimize the issues or challenges facing the industry or retaining employees as it will change the employees perspective that the industry offers a short-term measure for career growth. The plan advocates for the businesses to retain its quality staff by developing mechanisms such as promotions, rewards, compensation and other bene fits to reducing the problem faced by the industries in attracting qualified and skilled workers and in retaining the existing ones. The policy also advocates for the training of the existing workforce in the tourism industry. This comes due to the fact that the industry demands keep on changing yet there is a slow transition from the institution of higher learning offering training on hospitality skills to employment opportunities (McGrath 2016, p. 493). There is need therefore to ensure that the existing workforce is trained of the market dynamics in order to offer and meet the visitors expectations. The plan also advocates for support of the small businesses in the industry. The growth of the small-scale businesses in the industry has been projected to grow especially in the takeaways business; its growth will equally represent the growth of the general industry. The small businesses can meet the demands which the large industries cannot meet and therefore they should be supported and protected from stiff competition from private companies operating in the same markets (Sandbach, 2015, p. 6). Lastly the plan or policy advocates for initiatives which will grow the tourism workforce. The businesses, government, and other stakeholders should also invest in the development of the workforce for example by developing programs and initiatives which help in linking the suitable candidates with the prospective employers and provides mentoring support to apprentices while completing their training. This will help them build confidence with the potential employees with the industry and change their perspectives concerning their future career decisions in the industry. Proposed planning process for the proposed policy For the policy to be developed and implemented there is need to engage in consultations with the relevant bodies. It is therefore recommended that our tourism Australia agency should engage in consultations with the relevant stakeholders in the government including the government, the business involved in the industry which can be done to a representative sample of the companies involved as well as to the investors (Tabrett 2014, p. 86). Such consolations will help in identifying the key issues in relation to labor force factors that the stakeholders in their view think they can be useful in improving the service provision in the industry and contribute to growth and development of the industry. The stakeholders should also be involved in the implementation of the plan in areas where the plan requires the active participation and intervention. The implementation process is not always and therefore requires the effort of all the stakeholders including the community for effective imple mentation and success of the policy in addressing the current labor shortage crisis as well as prevents the projected future crisis in the industry (Sulaiman, 2016, p. 72). Conclusion The review of the policy should also be constantly done to ensure that it meets its set objectives and long-term goals. 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